Euroland food Essay

Toward the beginning of January 2001, the senior-administration advisory group of Euroland Foods was to get to draw together the firm’s capital spending plan for the new year. Up for thought were 11 significant ventures that totaled more than â‚ ¬316 million. Tragically, the top managerial staff had forced a spending limit on capital tasks of just â‚ ¬120 million; all things being equal, speculation at that rate would speak to a significant increment in the firm’s current resource base of â‚ ¬965 million. Accordingly, the test for the ranking directors of Euroland Foods was to allot assets among a scope of convincing undertakings: new-item presentation, procurement, advertise development, proficiency enhancements, preventive upkeep, wellbeing, and contamination control. The Company Euroland Foods, headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, was a global maker of excellent dessert, yogurt, filtered water, and organic product juices. Its items were sold all through Scandinavia, Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, western Germany, and northern France. (See Exhibit 1 for a guide of the company’s promoting area.) The organization was established in 1924 by Theo Verdin, a Belgian rancher, as a branch of his dairy business. Through sharp regard for item advancement and insightful promoting, the business became consistently throughout the years. The organization opened up to the world in 1979, and, by 1993, was recorded for exchanging on the London, Frankfurt, and Brussels trades. In 2000, Euroland Foods had deals of nearly â‚ ¬1.6 billion. Dessert represented 60 percent of the company’s income; yogurt, which was presented in 1982, contributed around 20 percent. The staying 20 percent of deals was isolated similarly between filtered water and natural product juices. Euroland Foods’ leader brand name was â€Å"Rolly,† which was spoken to by a fat moving bear in farmer’s apparel. Frozen yogurt, the company’s driving item, had a devoted base of clients who searched out its high-butterfat content, enormous pieces of chocolate, organic product, and nuts, and wide scope of unique flavors. This case was set up by Casey Opitz and Robert F. Bruner and draws certain components from a precursor case by them. All names are invented. The monetary help of the Batten Institute is appreciatively recognized. The case was composed as a reason for class conversation as opposed to delineate successful or ineffectual treatment of an authoritative circumstance. Copyright ï £ © 2001 by the University of Virginia Darden School Foundation, Charlottesville, VA. All rights held. To arrange duplicates, send an email to dardencases@virginia.edu. No piece of this distribution might be recreated, put away in a recovery framework, utilized in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any structure or by any meansâ€electronic, mechanical, copying, recording, or otherwiseâ€without the authorization of the Darden School Foundation. Euroland Foods’ deals had been static since 1998 (see Exhibit 2), which the board ascribed to low populace development in northern Europe and market immersion in certain zones. Outside eyewitnesses, be that as it may, blamed late disappointments in new-item presentations. Most individuals from the executives needed to extend the company’s showcase nearness and acquaint all the more new items with support deals. These supervisors trusted that expanded market nearness and deals would improve the company’s showcase esteem. Euroland Foods’ stock was at present at multiple times income, just underneath book esteem. This value/income proportion was beneath the exchanging products of practically identical organizations, and it gave little an incentive to the company’s brands. Asset Allocation The capital financial plan at Euroland Foods was arranged yearly by an advisory group of ranking directors, who at that point introduced it for endorsement to the top managerial staff. The board of trustees comprised of five overseeing executives, the prã ©sident directeur-gã ©nã ©ral (PDG), and the money chief. Normally, the PDG requested venture proposition from the overseeing chiefs. The recommendations incorporated a short undertaking portrayal, a money related investigation, and a conversation of key or other subjective contemplations. As an issue of strategy, venture proposition at Euroland Foods were dependent upon two money related tests, compensation and inward pace of return (IRR). The tests, or obstacles, had been set up in 1999 by the administration advisory group and changed by the sort of undertaking: Minimum In January 2001, the assessed weighted-normal expense of capital (WACC) for Euroland Foods was 10.6 percent. In depicting the capital-planning process, the fund chief, Trudi Lauf, stated, We utilize the sliding size of IRR tests as a method of perceiving contrasts in hazard among the different kinds of ventures. Where the organization faces more challenge, we ought to win more return. The compensation test flags that we are not set up to trust that long will accomplish that arrival. Proprietorship and the Sentiment of Creditors and Investors Euroland Foods’ 12-part directorate included three individuals from the Verdin family, four individuals from the board, and five outside chiefs who were conspicuous supervisors or open figures in northern Europe. Individuals from the Verdin family consolidated claimed 20 percent of Euroland Foods’ shares remarkable, and friends officials joined possessed 10 percent of the offers. Venus Asset Management, a common store the executives organization in London, held 12 percent. Banque du Bruges et des Pays Bas held 9 percent and had one delegate on the top managerial staff. The staying 49 percent of the firm’s shares were broadly held. The firm’s shares exchanged Brussels and Frankfurt. At an obligation to-value proportion of 125 percent, Euroland Foods was utilized substantially more profoundly than its friends in the European buyer nourishments industry. The board had depended on obligation financing fundamentally in the previous not many years to support the firm’s capital spending and profits during a time of value wars started by Euroland. Presently, with the value wars completed, Euroland’s brokers (drove by Banque du Bruges) unequivocally encouraged a forceful program of obligation decrease. Regardless, they were not set up to fund increments in influence past the current level. The leader of Banque du Bruges had commented at an ongoing executive gathering, Restoring some solidarity to one side hand side of the monetary record should now be a main goal. Any extension of benefits ought to be financed from the income after obligation amortization until the obligation proportion comes back to an increasingly judicious level. In the event that there are pivotal speculations that can't be subsidized thusly, at that point we should cut the profit! At a cost to-profit proportion of multiple times, portions of Euroland Foods normal stock were evaluated underneath the normal products of friend organizations and the normal products of all organizations on the trades where Euroland Foods was exchanged. This was inferable from the ongoing value wars, which had stifled the company’s productivity, and to the notable late disappointment of the organization to hold onto huge piece of the pie with another product offering of seasoned mineral water. Since January 2000, all the significant protections houses had been giving â€Å"sell† proposals to financial specialists in Euroland Foods’ shares. Venus Asset Management had discreetly gathered offers during this period, notwithstanding, in the desire for a turnaround in the firm’s execution. At the latest executive gathering, the senior overseeing chief of Venus gave an introduction in which he stated, Cutting the profit is unimaginable, as it would flag an absence of confidence in your own future. Selling new portions of stock at this discouraged value level is likewise incomprehensible, as it would force inadmissible weakening on your present investors. Your value financial specialists anticipate an improvement in execution. In the event that that improvement isn't anticipated, or more terrible, if investors’ trusts are run, your offers may fall under the control of looters like Carlo de Benedetti or the Flick brothers.1 At the finish of the latest gathering of the chiefs, the board casted a ballot consistently to restrain capital spending in 2001 to â‚ ¬120 million. Individuals from the Senior-Management Committee Seven ranking directors of Euroland Foods would set up the capital financial plan. For thought, each task must be supported by one of the administrators present. Typically the choice procedure incorporated a time of conversation followed by a decision on two to four elective capital financial plans. The different officials were notable to one another: Wilhelmina Verdin (Belgian), PDG, age 57. Granddaughter of the author and representative on the top managerial staff for the Verdin family’s interests. Worked for the organization her whole profession, with huge involvement with brand the executives. Chosen â€Å"European Marketer of the Year† in 1982 for effectively presenting low-fat yogurt and dessert, the primary significant turn out of this sort of item. Anxious to situate the organization for long haul development however mindful in the wake of ongoing challenges. Trudi Lauf (Swiss), money executive, age 51. Recruited from Nestlã © in 1995 to modernize monetary controls and frameworks. Had been a vocal advocate of decreasing influence on the monetary record. Additionally had voiced the worries and dissatisfactions of investors. Heinz Klink (German), overseeing executive for Distribution, age 49. Administered the transportation, warehousing, and request satisfaction exercises in the organization. Waste, transport costs, stock-outs, and control frameworks were lasting difficulties. Maarten Leyden (Dutch), overseeing executive for Production and Purchasing, age 59. Overseen creation tasks at the company’s 14 plants. Specialist via preparing. Extreme moderator, particularly with associations and providers. An enthusiast about creation cost control. Had voiced questions about the genuineness of creditors’ and investors’ duty to the firm. Marco Ponti (Italian), overseeing chief for Sales, age 45. Supervised the

Nature V/S Nurture Free Essays

NATURE V/S NURTURE greetings, women and respectable men. My name is and I am remaining here before all of you to present to you my suppositions about the point â€Å"Nature v/s Nurture†. Thinking about it, the first inquiry that strikes a chord is what precisely is nature and sustain? My dear audience members, nature and sustain are a helpful jingle of words, for it isolates under two particular heads the incalculable components of which character is created. We will compose a custom paper test on Nature V/S Nurture or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Nature is all that a man carries with himself into the world; support is each impact that influences him after his introduction to the world. The utilization of the terms â€Å"nature† and â€Å"nurture† is an advantageous catchphrase for the jobs of heredity and condition in human turn of events. A few researchers feel that individuals carry on as they do as per hereditary inclinations or even â€Å"animal senses. † This is known as the â€Å"nature† hypothesis of human conduct. Different researchers accept that individuals think and carry on in specific manners since they are educated to do as such. This is known as the â€Å"nurture† hypothesis of human conduct. The nature versus support banter is probably the most established issue in brain science. It fixates on the overall commitments of hereditary legacy and ecological variables to human turn of events. The discussion is in reality about how far are human practices, thoughts, and sentiments, INNATE and how far would they say they are totally LEARNED? It concerns the overall significance of an individual’s inborn characteristics (â€Å"nature,† I. e. nativism, or innatism) versus individual encounters (â€Å"nurture,† I. e. observation or behaviorism) in deciding or causing singular contrasts in physical and conduct attributes. For instance, Is it just fortuitous event that Bobby Bonds and his child Barry both made baseball history with their elite player force and speed? Or then again that Francis Ford Coppola and girl Sofia rose to acclaim as grant winning movie chiefs? Or then again you got your green eyes from your mom, and your spots from your dad. However, where did you get your rush looking for character and ability for singing? Did you take in these from your folks or was it foreordained by your qualities? While it’s clear that physical qualities are innate, the hereditary waters get more dinky with regards to a ndividual’s conduct, knowledge, and character. To completely comprehend it we have to talk about each part independently. The nature contention expresses that everything an individual will at any point become, their physical appearance, character and so on , is as of now chose since their formative data is in their qualities. Qualities are enacted at fitting occasions during im provement and are the reason for protein creation. Proteins incorporate a wide scope of atoms, for example, hormones and chemicals that demonstration in the body as flagging and auxiliary particles to coordinate turn of events. Researchers have referred to for quite a long time that attributes, for example, eye shading and hair shading are dictated by explicit qualities encoded in every human cell. The Nature Theory makes things a stride further to state that increasingly dynamic qualities, for example, knowledge, character, hostility, and sexual direction are additionally encoded in an individual’s DNA. A genuine case of this is indistinguishable twins. In the event that hereditary qualities didn’t have an impact, at that point intimate twins, raised under similar conditions, would be indistinguishable, paying little heed to contrasts in their qualities. In any case, while examines show they accomplish more intently take after one another than do non-twin siblings and sisters, they likewise show these equivalent striking likenesses when raised separated †as in comparable investigations finished with indistinguishable twins. The sustain contention, then again, contends that albeit acquired qualities make up the individual, they don't confine the potential an individual can accomplish if the correct condition is given. While not limiting that hereditary inclinations may exist, supporters of the sustain hypothesis accept they at last don’t matter †that our social perspectives begin just from the natural variables of our childhood. Studies on baby and kid disposition have uncovered the most pivotal proof for sustain speculations. * American analyst John Watson, most popular for his disputable trials with a youthful vagrant named Albert, exhibited that the obtaining of a fear could be clarified by traditional molding. A solid advocate of ecological learning, he stated: Give me twelve sound newborn children, very much shaped, and my own predefined world to bring them up in and I’ll assurance to take any one aimlessly and train him to turn out to be any kind of master I may select†¦ egardless of his gifts, affinities, inclinations, capacities, occupations and race of his predecessors. * Harvard analyst B. F. Skinner’s early investigations delivered pigeons that could move, do figure eights, and play tennis. Today known as the dad of conduct science, he in the end proceeded to demonstrate that human conduct could be adapted similarly as creatures. * An examination in New Scientist proposes that c omical inclination is a scholarly attribute, impacted by family and social condition, and not hereditarily decided. On the off chance that condition didn’t have an impact in deciding an individual’s characteristics and practices, at that point indistinguishable twins should, hypothetically, be actually the equivalent in all regards, regardless of whether raised separated. In any case, various examinations show that they are rarely precisely indistinguishable, despite the fact that they are amazingly comparable in many regards. Taking the above in considerastion, we can even discover a few cases where both nature and sustain impact the individual’s qualities. For instance, indistinguishable twins raised separated are less comparative than indistinguishable twins raised together. Another model is found by the specialists at the University of Southern California. They found that with regards to taking that first smoke, ladies are almost certain than men to be influenced by ecological factors, for example, peer pressure. Hereditary variables, in any case, assume a bigger job in affecting men to begin smoking. Likewise, Mayo Clinic scientists found that natural components, for example, introduction to pesticides and modern synthetic substances, assume a more noteworthy job in men creating Parkinson’s ailment, while hereditary variables influence Parkinson’s weakness in ladies. Furthermore, despite the fact that researchers are discovering qualities connected to liquor abuse, they aren’t precluding natural elements. Since despite the fact that it is presently broadly acknowledged that hereditary variety inclines to liquor and medication reliance, however it’s likewise exceptionally evident that without ecological factorsâ€including access to liquor and drugsâ€addictions don’t happen. Turns out qualities have what are called epigenetic markers. Acting like a volume handle for qualities, these labels modify the power of quality articulation. Indistinguishable twins are brought into the world with the equivalent epigenome. In any case, after some time, ecological factors, for example, compound introduction, diet and other way of life contrasts can adjust these markers. That’s why indistinguishable twins may turn out to be less similar as they get more seasoned. In one twin, an epigenetic marker could enact the quality articulation for schizophrenia or malignant growth, yet not in the other twin. This disclosure has added another layer of intricacy to the nature-versus-support matter: For example, finding that indistinguishable twins don’t both presentation a turmoil, for example, compulsion, doesn’t imply that enslavement isn't hereditary. Anyway, was the manner in which we act engrained in us before we were conceived? Or on the other hand has it created after some time because of our encounters? Specialists on all sides of the nature versus support banter concur that the connection between a quality and a conduct isn't equivalent to circumstances and logical results. While a quality may improve the probability that you’ll carry on with a certain goal in mind, it doesn't cause individuals to get things done. Which implies that we despite everything get the chance to pick who we’ll be the point at which we grow up. As Jawaharlal Nehru appropriately stated: â€Å"Life resembles a round of cards. The hand that is given you speaks to determinism; the manner in which you play it is free will†. Kranzler likewise stated: â€Å"Genetic inclination isn't destiny,† So, the issue stays uncertain still as well as confirmations and tests show that the impact of both nature and support play huge parts in our self-improvement or its hindrance. Be that as it may, the inquiry currently comes about the conveyance of affecting attributes between them. At last, it is presumably deceptive to state that X% of conduct attribute is because of qualities and (100-X)% is because of sustain/condition in light of the fact that there are no obvious limits between them. The key is to comprehend the communications between the two. This distinction is maybe featured in the statement credited to therapist Donald Hebb who is said to have once responded to a journalist’s question of â€Å"which, nature or support, contributes more to character? † by asking accordingly, â€Å"Which contributes more to the zone of a square shape, its length or its width? â€Å" Instructions to refer to Nature V/S Nurture, Papers

Project Proposal & Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Undertaking Proposal and Outline - Essay Example ny others to perform inquire about on different subjects, speaking with others about assignments, taking part in instructive conversations by means of web based life bunches just as speaking with their coaches through a similar internet based life channels. There is anyway discussions encompassing the web based life use as referenced to the internet based life clients. The negatives incorporate the absence of protection which prompts introduction of individual data to programmers. Digital tormenting is another negative results and particularly to the underage youngsters who additionally have web based life accounts. Christofides, E, Muise, A. and Desmarais, S. (2012, January). Unsafe Disclosures on Facebook: The Effect of Having a Bad Experience on Online Behavior. Diary of Adolescent Research, 27(6): 714-731. Recovered from: http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ983641 Debatin, B., Lovejoy, J., Horn, A. and Hughes, B. (2009, October). Facebook and Online Privacy: Attitudes, Behaviors, and Unintended Consequences. Diary of Computer- Mediated Communication, 15(1): 83-108. Recovered from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x/full Miah, M., Omar, A. what's more, Allison-Golding, M. (2013, June). Impacts of Social Networking on Adolescent Education. Data Systems Education Journal, 11(3): 90-100. Recovered from: http://isedj.org/2013-11/N3/ISEDJv11n3p90.pdf Ozmen, B. and Atici, B. (2014).The Effects of Social Networking Sites in Distance Learning on Learners’ Academic Achievements. European Journal of Open, Distance and E- Learning, 17(2); 60-74. Recovered from: http://www.eurodl.org/materials/contrib/2014/Ozmen_Atici.pdf Tham, J. and Ahmed, N. (2011). The utilization and ramifications of long range interpersonal communication Sites: A survey of understudies. Diary of Interpersonal, Intercultural and Mass Communication, 2(1), 1-11. Recovered from:

5 Tips for Your Law School Personal Statement

Writing a law school personal statement can be daunting task. Below are five tips to help you craft a unique and eye-catching personal statement. Focus less on what you write and more on how you write about it. Don’t feel that your essay needs to be about a particular kind of experience. There’s no one thing admissions officers are looking for. Instead, write about something that will capture your personality and show off your unique qualities. It’s always best to write about something that you feel passionate about than it is to cram personal data onto a page simply because you think someone might find that information important. Remember that it’s okay not to be perfect. Law schools aren’t looking for â€Å"perfect† people. They want real people who have learned from their experiences and thought carefully about who they are and what they want. Writing about overcoming an obstacle can be a powerful narrative. Be yourself. Your essay should give the admissions officers an idea of what you will be like in the classroom as well as what kind of lawyer you might be. They are looking for people who are likable as well as interesting. Law is essentially a people profession, after all. Show, don’t tell. This is a mantra you’ve heard, but it’s true. Are you analytical? Good with people? Give an example or share a detail that shows you illustrating those traits. Don’t just state â€Å"I have strong leadership skills† but instead give concrete examples that show you leading members of your team through a project. Just start writing and leave time to revise. Are you having trouble getting started? Set a timer for fifteen minutes and just write. If you get stuck on a word, write X. Write gibberish. A polished law school personal statement doesn’t fall from the sky; it comes from spending time writing and rewriting. Admissions readers are looking for thoughtful, persuasive, and interesting essays that highlight your uniqueness. Yes, they want good grades and test scores, but they also want real people with real stories and experiences to share. Do you need help telling your unique story? Our admissions advisors can help you create the personal statement that will get you noticed – and ultimately, accepted – by the law school adcom. Learn more about how we can help by checking out our Law School Admissions Consulting and Editing Services. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '85d14327-0339-4ce7-a386-0936e1913d14'); Jessica Pishko graduated with a J.D. from Harvard Law School and received an M.F.A. from Columbia University. She spent two years guiding students through the medical school application process at Columbia’s Postbac Program and is a former Accepted admissions consultant. Want an admissions expert help you get accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: Law School Application †¢Ã‚  The Law School Admissions Guide: 8 Tips for Success †¢ 4 Must-Haves in Your Law School Application, a short video †¢Ã‚  How I Wrote a Personal Statement That Got Me into Harvard Law School

Islamic Modernism A Multiple Modernities Perspective

Islamic Modernism in the West: A Multiple Modernities Perspective Introduction and background Modernization theory has been one of the master theoretical narratives to understand the major institutional and cultural transformation from traditional societies to modern ones. It is developed by the founders of sociology and has dominated the prevalent understanding and explanations of many social differentiation processes including differentiation, rationalization, individualization, urbanization, and secularization for a long time. Hence, sociologists believed that the consequences of modernization were unavoidable and common destinations for modern or all modernizing societies. Sociologist also expected western modernity will be a single†¦show more content†¦There are many modernities, not only one single patter of modernization. These developments forced sociologists for a paradigm shift in the dominant one-side understanding of western modernity. In this context, Islam and the discourse of western Muslim intellectuals have gradually gained visibility through the continuing migration and the growth of new generations in the western societies. Western Islam also has emerged in the hearth of modernity; yet did not follow the same patters of classical modernization trends. However, it could not escape the hegemonic influence of modernity. As a result, American (western) Islam is emerging not only as a response to the challenges (premises) of modernity but also through a ‘transformative dialectical engagement’ with the ethos of modernity, which gradually pave the path towards the rise of Islamic modernism in the west. Hence, the multiple modernities thesis serves as a more adequate theoretical approach than the prevailing modernization or secularization perspective to understand the continued importance of Islam in the western context. The Emergence of Islamic Modernism Being and living in

Personality Assessment Instrument Critique Essay - 848 Words

Personality Assessment Instrument Critique Dekitia Yolonda Ruth PSY/525 January 21, 2010 Miranda Jennings Personality Assessment Instrument Critique An individual’s personality is measured with a personality assessment instrument that encompasses theories and technique. Traditionally psychoanalytical theories provided an outline for accepting behavior that was abnormal and perceptions that prophesized the outcome for prospect behavior. Since projecting personality trait occurs, career counselors, and organizations utilize personality assessment instruments for screening potential employees for qualification. Additionally, personality assessment instruments are used in detecting personality disorders and abnormal behaviors. This†¦show more content†¦Latest dispute concerning the competence of the Rorschach with specific concerns as an assessment instrument and the sufficiency of its data has at spells slanted and distorted vital practical matters intrinsic in the learning of diverse cultures (Flanagan, 2006). Cultural procedures persist to be a central and incompetently surveyed variable in the Rorschach examinati on; an essential embryonic area of analysis is the Rorschachs scientific usefulness as a cross-cultural assessment instrument (Allen amp; Dana, 2004). Consideration of issues that are cultural expands and enhances the clinical utility of the Rorschach deliberation suggesting barely explored research schemes that may be a contribution to its purpose. The Rorschach inkblot test is debated by numerous of disbelievers describing it as a pseudoscience. Conclusions reached by as results of some studies have test administers liking the Rorschach inkblot test to cold reading (Wood, 2008). 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Applied Marketing Research Educational App

Question: Discuss about theApplied Marketing Research for Educational App. Answer: Introduction The present study is a reflection about the marketing research task and personal experience as a member of a marketing research team. This analysis highlights key challenges faced by me in the team activity. Critical analysis is done based on two challenges faced by the team. The effectiveness of the educational app has been scrutinised in the previous research report. The reflection is based on the insight of the researcher about the research report. Educational app is progressively used among the students and universities (Ritchie et al., 2013). Along with this, maintaining a website is a key challenge during present decades. Among the several challenges, four challenges are mentioned. Two serious challenges are discussed in this study. Reflective Analysis While doing the marketing research on the educational app, which are effective for the JCUS students, the research tem faced some challenges. Challenges Description Problem of team co-ordination Different team member was assigned with different tasks. Problem of coordination was created due to physical distances among the team members. Some of the team members were not well prepared for the presentation Difficulties was created at the time of presentation of the project Pressure of multiple submission related to other assignment at the same date Preparation of all the submission with equal quality was not possible Time constraint Several research area was untouched due to time constraint Critical Analysis of Two Identified Problems Among the four problems, intensive problems faced by our team were under prepared team members. Some of the team members had less interest for betterment of the project. One of the reasons was lack of sufficient knowledge about marketing and education app. In the view of Anderson (2012), a project will be successful if a cohesive team executes it, where every team member actively participates in each activity. The project team leader divided the tasks within team members. The team member was responsible to assign tasks according to the skills. However, instead of dividing the tasks according to the skill and knowledge, tasks were assigned randomly. Hence, this phenomenon has reduced the fruitfulness of the project outcome (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). Moreover, there was lack of coordination among the team member. The team member failed to guide all the members in necessity. One of the team members was given the task of primary survey. That member has lack of effective communication skills. The data collection team had to prepare themselves. The questionnaire was not pre prepared. Therefore, interview to the JCUS students were not successful at the first round. The team conducted the second time interview with some preparation. Data collection is an important part of the marketing research (Kotler et al., 2015). Market survey tells the researcher about the consumer choice and needs (McDonald, 2016). In order to assess the use and utility of the education among to the students, feedback is required (Hirsh-Pasek et al., 2015). One of the reasons for the limitations of our marketing research is lack of proper preparation for the survey. The project presentation to the lecturer was delayed therefore. The second problem was lack of adequate time to prepare the project. The marketing research activity requires an extensive investigation about market trend. Due to lack of time, we had to complete the tasks within very short time. Hence, the team faced the problem of resource allocation. The team failed to conduct research on a large number of students. The team conducted the survey on 75 JCUS students. This sample size is too short against large number of sample size. As stated by Terpstra, Foley Sarathy (2012), the reliability of the project increases and the sample error is reduced with the increase in sample size. Furthermore, as the project has been completed within a very short span of time, quality of the project was compromised. We felt time constraint, as there was pressure from preparation of other subjects. Therefore, this project was not given sufficient time for preparing report. The problem of lack of coordination among the team member aggravated the problem of tie con straint. Personal Experience It has been a learning experience for me to be part of the project. This project has helped to acquire knowledge about different steps of a research process. Teamwork is another experience, which will help in career building. In order to carry out the market research on effectiveness of educational app, there was lots of opportunity to learn about this app. As a team member, I faced problem regarding coordinating with other team members. The most fruitful experience was to know how a good team works and how collaborative works can make up the weakness of a team member (Brinkmann, 2014). Problem has been faced when other subjects had to prepare along with this project paper. It has been a good opportunity to interview JCUS students. Time management has been learnt during this project. Each of the tasks has stipulated deadline. Technical problem has been faced at the time of data compilation. It has been realised at the time of research work that secondary research could make the research robust and the analysis strong (Bastian Harkness, 2015). However, due to time constraint, the study has been limited to the qualitative analysis. While carrying out the research, there were different views among the team member about the research techniques and results. However, the team leader has managed the conflicts and suggested to follow the guideline. It has been a learning from the research that how to manage time. First criterion before conducting a research is to know the purpose of the research (Rideout, 2014). Data collection is good experience in the fieldwork. If any member of the team can choose career of marketing executive or market manager, this experience will the member to succeed in life. It has been realised that in order to overcome the challenges faced earlier an extensive planning is required. Every team member needs to understand the duty and responsibility clearly. Furthermore, it has been learnt that market research is effective before lunching a new product into the market. Educational app is helpful to the students as well as the teachers. It improves the learning process and communication in the classroom. Conclusion The essay has discussed about the problems faced by a marketing research team. The main discussion highlighted four problems that were faced the team members. This essay analysed personal experience from the problem. The main two problems were under prepared team member for the project presentation and time constraint. This study has explained how those problems were solved and learning from this research process. References Anderson, E. (2012). Organizing the marketing function.Review of Marketing 1981, 134. Bastian, H. Harkness, L., (2015). When Peer Tutors Write about Writing: Literacy Narratives and Self Reflection.Young Scholars in Writing,1, pp.101-124.[retrieved from https://arc.lib.montana.edu/ojs/index.php/Young-Scholars-In-Writing/article/viewFile/79/41] Brinkmann, S. (2014).Interview(pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Hirsh-Pasek, K., Zosh, J. M., Golinkoff, R. M., Gray, J. H., Robb, M. B., Kaufman, J. (2015). Putting education in educational apps lessons from the science of learning.Psychological Science in the Public Interest,16(1), 3-34.[retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/45663673/Putting_Education_in_Educational_Apps_Le20160516-853-4i62fa.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJ56TQJRTWSMTNPEAExpires=1475173456Signature=ZLbg2OkUHMzZWwUTWUxvq%2BN1cPw%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DPutting_education_in_educational_apps_le.pdf] Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. McDONALD, M. A. L. C. O. L. M. (2016). 5 Strategic marketing planning.The marketing book, 86. Rideout, V. (2014). Learning at home: Families' educational media use in America.Joan Ganz Cooney Center.[retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED555586.pdf] Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013).Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Terpstra, V., Foley, J., Sarathy, R. (2012).International marketing. Naper Press.

Scarlet Letter Essays (513 words) - English-language Films

Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, delivers a powerful novel invoked with symbolism. Centered on Hester, a woman branded with a scarlet "A" as a mark for adultery, much of the Scarlet Letter's symbolism grows from the cruel, and shameful letter. The "A" symbolizes the "walking emblem of shame." (Hawthorne 6). Throughout the novel, the brand of disgust evolves around the characters influenced by Hester, including her illegitimate child Pearl. Even Pearl is subject to the shame her mother has bore, and is also shunned from the strict Puritan society. The close of the novel reveals that the symbol has given Hester strength to redeem her sin, rather then brake her spirits. The adulterous mark is almost replaced by the community as "able" due to Hester's deeds to the community. Scarlet Letter also uses nature's flowers as a way to symbolize growth in the novel. The opening chapter describes a rosebush growing by the prison. It shows how even a beautiful flower like the rose can be judged as sacrificial, with its petals near the jail. This relates to Hester, as her beautiful character is judged by sin, not by actions. Later in the novel, Chillingworth, Hester's husband, expresses to let the "black flower blossom as it may." (Hawthorne 14). This reoccurrence of the flower shows how Chillingworth accepts his tortuous soul. The flower's bloom is a direct symbol for the growth of character in Scarlet Letter. Clothing is a final source Hawthorne uses to symbolize. In chapter 7, Pearl is dressed in a red gown, with gold trim. The dress of Pearl is almost identical to the brand Hester must endure, with her scarlet brand. Chillington is dressed in black, which gives an insight into his sinister character, as revealed in chapter 14. Also, the use of bright color, like red, and gold expresses how different Hester and Pearl are viewed by the Puritan society, which mainly dresses in plain, emotionless colors. The brand of sin is reflected in all the aspects of Hester's life, which show how clothing in Scarlet Letter drastically reflects situation, and character. Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter gives a tremendous impression on the reader, filled with oppression, and historical opinion of the Puritans. Unfortunately, as the novel appears to mirror reality, situations in the storyline leave the reader skeptical about the actual ability to perform these actions. Hester's sudden removal of the scarlet brand bestowed upon her seems very unrealistic, considering it took seven years to remove it so quickly, and carefree. It almost makes the symbol of the scarlet letter obsolete at the end of the chapter 18, leaving insinuation that the letter did not have as much influence as formerly expressed. The Scarlet Letter also confuses the reader during chapters after 20. The final pages of the novel give a completely different perspective. Generally focused on the main characters, during chapter 21, and 22, the market gives a more broad insight into the community. While it makes for interesting reading, the sudden change of perspective leaves the reader strayed from the main characters, like Hester, and Pearl. The Scarlet Letter is a very intriguing novel, for anyone looking to find a tale of Puritan life, and the harsh reality of the times. Overall, the Scarlet Letter delivers an exciting, and interesting view for all readers.

Nineteen Eighty Four George Orwell Essays

Nineteen Eighty Four George Orwell Essays Nineteen Eighty Four George Orwell Essay Nineteen Eighty Four George Orwell Essay Essay Topic: George orwell Nineteen Eighty-Four – George Orwell In part 1 of Nineteen Eighty-Four Orwell introduces us to the many means of control used by the Party to maintain power over the people. These tools of power are of many kinds and are extremely effective. For example some use technology, some come under the category of propaganda and some can be discussed in relation to structure of government. All these systems combine into a brutally effective machine for dominating the population, as the book’s main protagonists, Winston and Julia, discover. They discover late in the novel that the Party is utterly without human sympathy and empathy, and exercises power not to order human life according to any beneficial principal, but only to keep power. It is impossible to defeat a regime so single-minded. George Orwell’s main contention in the novel is to show that, if a completely power-driven totalitarian government ever came into power, it would stay there. It would become an irresistible and therefore permanent authoritarian government for all mankind. The Party’s effectiveness is partly due to the technology of the time which allows the party comprehensive powers of surveillance. By means of telescreens and hidden microphones across the city, the party is able to monitor its members almost all of the time. In addition there are surveillance helicopters that fly around peering into people’s windows; there is no privacy at all. With this constant observation there is no escape, â€Å"your worst enemy, he reflected, was your own nervous system. At any moment the tension inside you was liable to translate itself into some visible symptom†. The party’s use of technology makes control over the citizens brutal and extremely effective. The brutal control is also due to the constant propaganda that acts as psychological stimuli designed to overwhelm the mind’s capacity for independent thought. With the help of telescreens a constant stream of propaganda is always heard, designed to make the Party’s shortcomings seem like triumphant successes. â€Å"Big Brother is watching you†, citizens are constantly reminded with huge posters of Big Brother and slogans printed everywhere. Propaganda plays a big part in the dominating control the Party olds over Oceania. The Party also uses a method to weed out the malcontents and rebels. This helps them construct a completely controlled civilization. The party sets traps, lays bait and tempts rebels towards an organization that offers hope but tragically doesn’t exist. It gives them an illusion that there is a way to oppress the Party, but it traps them like a Venus fly trap and â€Å"vaporizes† them. So, Winston and Julia are led unknowingly into the shop of Mr Charrington who, we learn, is not a mere prole but a member of the thought police. Winton is lulled into the trap early as he buys the diary from Charrington’s shop and slowly is dragged into renting a room above it. A nostalgia for the past and a desire for privacy is what drives them and this plays directly into the hands of the Party. Another tempting trap devised by the Party is Emanuel Goldstein’s Brotherhood, which Winston and Julia both fall into. What emerges from O’Brien’s deception of Winston and Julia is the fact of the Party’s complete inhumanity. The Party expects the human desire for happiness and freedom to rise up from time to time, but, because of its commitment to power, it has found a system to cull out individuals who experience this desire and destroy them. The Party’s use of traps allows them to catch the rebels easily which in turn allows them to maintain total control. The Party’s control is complete and final. Through many systems their superior control comes with ease, hand in hand with the suppression of the human spirit and hope.

BNSF Railway Transportation Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BNSF Railway Transportation - Article Example The services offered by the industry are bulk freight, intermodal services, passenger services and switching and terminal railroad services (IBISWorld, 2011). According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Transportation, freight shipments have increased from 27% of the ton-miles of U.S. freight in 1980 to 38% in 2005 (Laurits R. Christensen Associates, Inc., 2009). This increase shows the growing significance of the role of railways in the U.S. economy. Among the cargo being shipped through the railroads, coal represents the largest proportion in terms of tons (Laurits R. Christensen Associates, Inc., 2009). Other commodities transported by railroads include chemicals, farm products, non-metallic minerals and miscellaneous mixed shipments. Over the years, the railway industry has experienced consolidations that have reduced the number of Class I from about 40 railways to the current seven. The seven major players in the railway industry are Union Pacific Corporation (UP), Burli ngton Northern Santa Fe Corporation (BNSF), CSX Corporation, Kansas City Southern (KCS), Canadian National Railway (CN), Canadian Pacific Railway (CP) and Norfolk Southern Corporation (NS). In terms of operating revenues of the major North American railroad, the Union Pacific posted the highest revenue with $15.5 million. It is followed by BNSF with operating revenue of $14.8 million, NS with $9.4 million, CSX with $8.6 million, CN with $6.8 million, CP with $4.1 million and KCS with $0.87 million (Association of American Railroads, 2008) . Porter’s Five Forces Like any other industry, the railway industry is influenced by Porter’s five forces model which shape the strategies of companies, as shown in Figure 1 (Porter, 2008). The first force identified by Porter is the threat of new entrants. This force is the possibility of new companies entering the industry. This force is not very influential in the strategy of a company in the railway industry because of several ba rriers to entry. The barriers to entry in the railroad industry are (1) huge capital requirement needed; (2) restrictive government policy which is being regulated by the Surface Transportation Board; and (3) the availability of the infrastructure needed to compete with existing ones. In the future, it is expected that mergers will continue in the future and may even reduce the present seven companies to two transcontinental railroads because of the uncertainty of the structure of the railroad industry (IRS, 2007). Fig. 1 Porter’s Five Forces Model The second force identified by Porter is the bargaining power of suppliers. Suppliers of the railway industry include the manufacturers of tracks, railway equipment, structural metal products, freight cars, locomotives and construction companies who build the tunnels and bridges. Investors in railway companies can be considered as suppliers of the much needed financing to improve the industry. Recently, billionaire Warren Buffet in vested in BNSF by buying it for $26 billion while Microsoft’s Bill Gates now owns 10% of CN railway. Investment of these two prominent personalities says much of the future of the railway industry (North America's Corridor Coalition, Inc., 2010). To illustrate clearly, the supplier power according to Porter includes (1) charging of high prices; (2) limiting the quality of the

Describe the regulation of PFK-1 and PFK-2 and the production of Essay

Describe the regulation of PFK-1 and PFK-2 and the production of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate - Essay Example When the glucose levels are low, F-2,6-bisP is converted to F-6-P. This reaction is catalyzed by the phosphorylated form of PFK-2 called fructose bisphosphatase-2 (FBPase-2). PFK-2 and fructose bisphosphatase-2 (FBPase-2) are similar bi-functional enzymes. Phosphorylation of PFK-2 is done by protein kinase A (PKA). PKA is activated by increased levels of cAMP driven by the hormone glucagon during fasting state. The reverse reaction is catalyzed by a phosphatase, which is activated by the hormone insulin. Postprandial, there is an increased level of insulin, which is produced in response to increased glucose levels. During low glucose levels, glucagon increases the levels of cAMP in the liver cells. cAMP then activates PKA, which phosphorylates PFK-2 to form FBPase-2. FBPase-2 in turn converts F-2,6-bisP to F-6-P, this in general is inhibiting the glycolysis (Rider 562). In muscle cells too, fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, by PFK-1 using ATP. In muscle cells, PFK-1 is activated by AMP. The muscles use up ATP and convert it to AMP. Increased levels of AMP stimulate glycolysis and increases ATP production. However, increased levels of ATP inhibit PFK-1allosterically. High levels of citrate also inhibit PFK-1 in muscle cells. In liver cells the major regulators of PFK-1 are F-2,6-bisP and F-6-P, while in muscle cells, the major regulators of PFK-1 are AMP and ATP. Thus, it can be seen that PFK-1 and PFK-2 are regulated differently in liver cells and muscle

Set Up and Operate a Business in Foreign Country Essay Example for Free

Set Up and Operate a Business in Foreign Country Essay This paper deals with the international business. It emphasizes on the means to start the business and the cost associated with the initiation of the business. It also describes the most important aspect of managing human resource. Because of the competitive environment, the need to do the business internationally has increased. This paper provides the overview of the two countries i. e. china and South Africa. Broad description of the legal processes that were supposed to be followed by the company to initiate business in the China has been explained. Apart from this, the staffing of local and expatriate staff along with the labor organization and legislation of the foreign country has been described. Therefore, the paper provides detailed analysis of the conditions that should be kept in mind while establishing business in the foreign country. Introduction International business is a term, which is used collectively to describe issues relating to the firm’s operations with interests in numerous countries. These firms are sometimes referred as multinational corporations. The main area of concern in the international business is the cultural considerations. These considerations include dissimilarity in law and legal systems, living standards, language barriers, climate and many more (Cherunilam, 2005). All these issues need to be overcome for an MNC in order to obtain success in an overseas venture. Nationwide economic growth and globalization of the economy provide an outstanding background for businesses in China as compared to the South Africa. Nevertheless, the growth of the company and sustainability can be hampered by the factors like industry consolidation, economic reform and globalization. The project of building substantial companies and integrating them effectively into the global marketplace is a complicated task. Reasons: Why Company Going Global Many companies and businesses get into international selling because of the existence of competitive environment. This environment compels the company to move further rather than staying at the same stage and size by just focusing on the quality. Another reason of growth and expansion is the fear of loosing the customers. If the company would not show sustainable growth, competitors would move ahead and chances of loosing of customers will increase (Cherunilam, 2005). Other general reasons for going international are: political changes like changes in the regulation of work and safety and economic changes that include cost of production. If there is an increase in the cost of production at home, company looks for places where cost of production is reasonable. The four major objectives that compel the company to go for international business are: to enlarge the sales, to successfully get hold of the resources, to diversify the sources of sales and to look for the diversifying the supplies (Kazmi, 2002). Overview Population China: China is a socialist republic and the most populous country with population over 1. 3 billion. It is having 90. 9% literacy rate (male: 95. 1% female: 86. 5%). The average educational achievement in China is low. South Africa: South Africa is a nation of diverse origins, languages, cultures and beliefs with population over 47-million. It is having 86. 4% literacy rate (male 87% female 85. 7%) of total population. The average educational achievement in South Africa is very low. Geographical Location  China: China is located in Eastern Asia bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea and South China Sea between North Korea and Vietnam. China has mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west and plains, deltas, and hills in eastern region. The geographic coordinates of China are 35 °00N, 105 °00E. The total area coverage of China is 9,596,960 square kilometers (land area is 9,326,410 square km and water is 270,550 square km). China is the worlds third-largest country in total area after Russia and Canada, and the second largest country by land area. The total land boundary is 22,117 km and the border countries are Afghanistan, Bhutan, Burma, India, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan and Vietnam. China’s coastline is 14,500 km (China, 2008). South Africa: South Africa is located at the southern region of Africa. The geographic coordinates of South Africa are 29 00 S, 24 00 E. The total area is 1,219,912 sq km. The total land boundary is 4,862 km and the border countries are Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. Its coastline is 2,798 km. South Africa’s northwest region is desert and eastern is well watered. GDP, Per Capital Income, Current Inflation Rate, Unemployment Rate China: The GDP is $3. 42 trillion and officially recorded GDP growth rate is 11. 4% in 2007, per capital income is $ 2000, inflation rate is 7% in 2007 and it has jumped to 8. 7 percent in February after severe winter storms disrupted the economy and worsened food shortages (Chinas inflation at decade high, 2008). Unemployment rate in urban area is 8%-10% (China Unemployment rate, 2008). South Africa: The GDP is $283 billion, real GDP growth rate is 5. % in 2007, per capita income is $ 5700, inflation rate is 7. 1% and unemployment rate is 23% in Sep. 2007 (South Africa: Profile, 2008). Type of Legal System China: The legal system is based on civil law system. It is derived from Soviet and continental civil code legal principles. The legislature holds the power to interpret the acts. There are seven categories of laws in china’s legal system; these are: the constitution and related laws, civil and commercial laws, administrative laws, economic laws, social laws, criminal laws, and litigation and non-litigation procedural laws (The Constitution and Legal System, 2008). South Africa: The legal system is based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law. There is an independent judiciary in South Africa. Constitutional Court and Supreme Court are the highest court in the country. Constitutional Court deals with constitutional matters and Supreme Court deals with the final appeals of all the other matters. The bill of rights provides fundamental political and social rights to South Africas citizens (South Africa, 2008). Type of Economic System China: China is a major economic power and it has great potential of the development. Previously, the public sector was in dominant position, but after 2001, a socialistic market economy is taking place in China and the intensive mode is replacing the extensive mode of economic growth (Economic System, 2008). South Africa: The South African economy is an industrialized and productive economy. It has inadequate distribution of income wealth. Labor is divided into formal and informal sector. Formal sector is more developed, which is based on agriculture, manufacturing, services and mining. South Africa is looking forward for privatization along with free arket economy and favorable investment climate (Economy: South Africa, 2008). Type of Political System China: The National People Congress is the highest authority of state power in China. The people congress system is the fundamental political system in China. The representatives are elected by people at all levels. South Africa: The South African Republic is a federal state constituting of a national government and nine provincial governments. The constitution of South Africa was adopted in 1996 and implemented officially on 4 February, 1997. President of South Africa is the executive head of the state and leads the cabinet. He is elected for a two five year terms by the parliament (South Africa, 2008). Estimates of Future Economic Growth General Economic Projects China: China has become the world’s fastest growing economy after the economic reforms in 1979. It has achieved 11. 4% GDP growth rare in 2007. Industrial manufacturing expansion has contributed in China’s rapid economic growth. European Union, Japan, United States, Hong Kong and ASEAN are the major trading partner of China. Rapid economic growth of China results in an increase in income, which in turn makes China a huge market for a variety of goods and services. So it would be beneficial for any company to start operation in China. South Africa: In previous years, South African economy was not doing well. Government was facing the problem of unemployment and poverty. But in recent years, country is seeking to achieve stable growth rate. To promote economic growth, South Africa is making optimal use of available resources and reducing completer dependence on primary sector industries. South African companies are now investing in retail, banking services, telecommunication and shipping industry. Government is seeking to liberalize its economic policies to attract FDI and increase future economic growth and now outsider companies may think to start its operations in South Africa. Social and Cultural Factors Social factor in China: In China, the main focus of the business entities is on the corporate social responsibility. The Chinese region has become the region full of opportunities for MNC’s in these days because of the rapid rise, elaborating receptiveness and growing consumer market. The social factors reflect the true picture of society’s attitude towards the corporate. The symmetrical society structure stimulates forces on businesses for concentrating on corporate social responsibility (Kyoon, 2007). Cultural factors in China: Understanding the culture of a country is one of the important factors in front of modern organizations. The traditions and customs vary among towns, cities and provinces in China. The social network structures in China assist in understanding the information sharing between the people (Kyoon, 2007). The Chinese environment is now open for the outsiders. The cultural values include the belief in God, unity, optimism and readiness to work together according to the rules of law. Social factor in South Africa: The social environment of South Africa is highly imbalanced and not much developed. It suffers from the problems of increasing population, poverty, illiteracy and lack of resources. The population of South Africa was 40. 6 million in 1996, which is growing rapidly at the rate of 2% per year. If the same trend continues, then by the year 2035, the population of South Africa will be approximately 86 million. This will be a problematic situation as the country has limited resources to support its increasing population. There is already a pressure on the resources to meet the needs and requirements of the people (Social Environment, 1999). Many people in the country live in informal and inadequate houses and just half of the population lives in towns and cities. Many people living in rural as well as urban areas even do not have access to water supply, electricity, sanitation and other services. Nowadays, the urban population of South Africa is rapidly increasing because of factors like growing employment opportunities, land reform and restitution and immigration from other countries. Unemployment and poverty are the major problems in South Africa that affect the social life of the people. The poverty level is the highest among the Black population of South Africa. It has reached up to a level of 60%. The education level of the country has increased as compared to the previous year levels, as the country has reformed its educational system. Almost, all South Africans now have access to education but still about 7. 5 million people are functionally illiterate. Such factors contribute to high crime rates in the country that have noticeably increased in the urban areas. These and other factors contribute to the high crime rates currently experienced in many urban centers. To promote sustainable development and reduce social imbalances such as poverty, unemployment and pressure on natural resources, the Government has developed a number of policies and passed a number of laws aiming at some constructive work in this direction. These include the Reconstruction and Development Programme, a White Paper on Population Policy, and the National Crime Prevention Strategy (Social Environment, 1999). Cultural Factor in South Africa: Africa has a diverse cultural environment with about 800 languages spoken all over the continent. Among these, South Africa have 11 official languages of its own, i. e. English, Afrikaans, Tsonga, Xhosa, Ndebele, Southern Sotho, Zulu, Tswana, Venda, Northern Sotho, and Swati. There are many cross-cultural challenges that are critical to success and organizations should be prepared to face these challenges. Analysis  The company has chosen china for its operations as china has successfully emerged as the best suitable market for the consumer products, especially in terms of the growth rate, potential and the market size. China is providing huge benefits to attract the players from the United States. The growth graph of the china depicts that the market of the consumer electronics is growing with a CAGR of 11. 7 percent from the year 2002 to 2006. Future also shows the greater intensity of market growth. There is a greater possibility of bright future in Consumer Products. The Company is willing to start its operation. Another major factor for establishing operation in china is the population as it is regarded the driving factor for any business. Apart from this, there is a well established market of credit card, which has increased the popularity of the consumer products in the country (Windsor Jones, 1999). China is the highly populous country and demands for consumer products are fuelling with greater pace. In china, urban centers are emerging which are called secondary cities, which comprise of 8 to 10 million people. These cities have huge buying power and industrial development. These cities would be best for the company’s operations and are located interiorly away from the cost. Tsingtao is a city, which is suitable for the operation of the company because its urban area is quickly expanding. It is also having excellent connections with the countryside. The disposable income of the people is quite similar to the people in the bigger cities. Another reason for selecting this place is that the people in this city show greater likeability towards the product of the United States and relate the product with greater degree of integrity. People show positive view and experience towards the U. S consumer products. Operations In order to establish operation in china, company’s chairperson should visit these cities, must talk to the local officials and begin networking. Apart from this, the most important thing is to analyze the competitors’ working and strategies. Another step that the company can adopt is subcontracting, which can be done by forming joint ventures with the manufacturers of china. If the company doesn’t possess enough resources for joint venture, company can go for forming the partnership or consortium in the United States. This consortium acts as the legal entity, which can form partnership with the Chinese manufacturer. The advantage of the consortium is that it reduces risk and the cost for the company (Barron, 2006). While selecting the operations, evaluation should be made based on the analysis of cash accounting and not on absorption accounting. As in absorption accounting, the fixed costs are prorated over small volume of production and thus the number obtained can deter company from moving production to a subcontractor. The other operations include: integrity of product and trade safety, fair balanced economic development, financial sector reform, security energy efficiency, sustainability in environment and bilateral investment. All the above mentioned reforms would help the company to establish business opportunities in china. The agreement between the United States and China that relates to conduction of business with extensive cooperation covers the issue of climate change, environmental sustainability and energy security. This type of agreement would advance the innovation in the technology and the acceptance of extremely-efficient and clean energy technology will encourage the development of technology so as to address the changes in the climate and promoting natural resources. Three major factors, which can determine the success in the Chinese market and should be kept in mind, are: †¢Culture: Understanding of Chinese culture and behavior can provide better option to fulfill the demands of the customers. †¢Value Proposition: This includes having the knowledge of technical know how and understanding the level of competitiveness. †¢Negotiation: The Company should implement negotiation technique as per the way of Chinese. Success of doing business in China depends greatly on the extent of adoption to the requirements of he local customs instead of the value proposition of foreign investors. Legal processes In the process of starting a new business, Legal and regulatory processes play a very vital role. Legal processes include several restrictions, intrusive bureaucracy, dissimilar understanding of regulations from place to place even between authorities and recent formulations of policies that are aimed at safeguarding the domestic companies. Therefore, before starting any operation in the foreign country (china) the company should understand regulations and their applications before entering into any agreement. The company should look for legal proposals from experienced professional firms. Due attention should be given to the financial and legal background and also on the reputation of key partners. Apart from this, partners and employees should be educated on the protection of the intellectual property. If required, the rights can be enforced but for this, all the terms and conditions should be well known. Management Organization Structure Organization structure plays a vital role in determining the success of the company in the host country. Therefore, there is a requirement of change in the organization structure in order to accommodate a firm’s internationalization approach in answer to the worldwide competition. Significant research has shown that the structure of the firm must be conducive to the strategy implementation. In simple words, it can be said that the structure should â€Å"fit† the strategy. Managers should work towards achieving the fit between the structure and the strategy (Gupta, 2007). Management organizational structure refers to the representation of a formal structure, which describes relationship inside an organization. The level to which authorization is assigned ascertains centralization and decentralization. Most of the MNC’s in their initial phases of globalization utilized an international section traversing certain regions of the world to manage the functions in those regions. Matrix organizational structure is very effective for the business. The structure of the organization is decentralized, which merge the advantages of being large with the agility and concentration of smaller organizations. The small segments of the business assist in concentrating more on the needs and equirements of the customers and employees effectively. The company’s employees are associated with the goals and objectives for an established global enterprise. The organization is mainly focusing on the way in which the products and services are delivered to the customers. The development and marketing of products and services in an effective provision provide specialized and quality services to external and internal customers. The autonomous operating companies broaden the geographic reach of the associates around the world and provide larger marketplace and product focus. This way, the employees get closer to the customers and business. The employees would be able to gain more sensation of ownership in driving the business. The employees are authorized to aim their business to fulfill the varying needs of customers inside their regions (Mathew, 2003). The decentralized operating companies, associates and business sections are joined in the organization structure, which ensures that the activities are aligned with the overall strategic objectives. All the employees perform their work systematically with the high ethical standards. As the company rises, the structure also develops, assuring the effective growth of the business portfolio. In recent years, the business sections have constituted shared service groups that raise and confirm the capabilities of the individual companies in the elementary domains of responsibility. The corporate headquarters in the U. S. function with the family of companies for producing great synergism and efficiency by collaboration, dispersion of better patterns and organization of shared business information. The corporate headquarters render direction and services in different critical areas, which include human resources, finance, advertising, and law. The consequences of environmental circumstance (instability of technology), industrial circumstance (production technology) and organization structure on the involvement of customer in product development are the main areas of concentration in China (Windsor Jones, 1999). The earlier results demonstrate that for going through customer orientation in the firms at China, the company has to modulate towards market driven economic entities.

Four Conditions for Knowledge Essay -- Essays Papers

Four Conditions for Knowledge I. In this paper, I offer a solution to the Gettier problem by adding a fourth condition to the justified true belief analysis of knowledge. First though, a brief review. Traditionally, knowledge had been accounted for with the justified true belief analysis. To know something, three conditions had to be met: first, you had to have a belief; second, the belief had to be justified; third, this justified belief had to be true. So a justified true belief counts as knowledge. Gettier however showed this analysis to be inadequate as one can have a justified true belief that no one would want to count as knowledge. In the first Gettier counterexample, Smith is justified in believing that Jones is the man who will get the job. Smith’s also justified in believing that Jones has ten coins in his pocket. From that he infers and has a justified belief that the man who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket. It turns out that the man who gets the job is not Jones but Smith, and Smith does in fact have ten coins in his pocket. Smith has a justified true belief that the man who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket. However, this shouldn’t count as knowledge. In the second Gettier counterexample, Smith is justified in believing Jones owns a Ford. Therefore, he’s justified in believing Jones owns a Ford or Brown is in Barcelona. Turns out, Jones doesn’t own a Ford but Brown is in fact in Barcelona. Once again, we have an example of a justified true belief that shouldn’t count as knowledge. ... ...eliefs: (a) I’m in a community of barn facades. (b) That looks like a barn (q), his belief that he sees a barn, isn’t justified, though. Therefore, Dom cannot know (q). The internalism of my account is obvious. What’s required for justification of (q) is different for Henry and Dom because of each’s belief about the kind of environment he is in. It is the belief about the environment and not the environment that matters. In other words, two people could be in the exact same circumstances but what required for justification would be different because of the beliefs they have. Causal accounts of knowledge can’t account for why Henry is justified for (q), but Dom is not. My account is not a causal account; as is shown in the Dom variation above, my account has no problem accounting for the different justifications required for Dom and for Henry.

Hong Kong Waste Problem

Hong Kong has an imminent waste problem. Here you can learn about what municipal solid waste is, how significant our waste problem is, and how the Government tackles the problem. The Waste Problem Hong Kong generates several types of solid waste. It includes municipal solid waste (MSW), which comes from domestic, commercial and industrial sources; construction waste, which arises from construction, renovation and demolition activities; and other special wastes such as chemical waste and livestock waste. †¢ More on waste in Hong Konghttp://www. epd. gov. k/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/waste_maincontent. html Municipal Solid Waste Municipal solid waste includes waste from domestic premises and public facilities, commerce and some types of industry, but excludes construction waste and chemical waste. Each year, more than 6 million tonnes of MSW are generated, over half of which is disposed of in the three strategic landfills. Unfortunately, the generation of MSW has been growing at a much faster rate than expected, and our consumption-led lifestyle is putting enormous pressure on these landfills. The three existing landfills will be full, one by one, in the mid to late 2010s. If the waste loads continue to increase, there will be a need to allocate an additional 400 hectares of land to develop new landfill sites to meet our waste disposal needs up to 2030. Clearly, Hong Kong needs a more sustainable way to deal with waste. To address our waste problem, the Government published â€Å"A Policy Framework for the Management of MSW (2005-2014)† (Policy Framework) in December 2005. The Policy Framework sets out a comprehensive strategy for the management of MSW in the next 10 years. It consists of a series of policy tools and measures to tackle the waste problem head on. †¢ More on municipal solid wastehttp://www. gov. hk/en/residents/environment/msw. htm †¢ Information on the Policy Framework for the Management of Municipal Solid Waste (2005-2014)http://www. epd. gov. hk/epd/msw/htm_en/content. htm Construction Waste The high levels of construction activity in Hong Kong generate equally high levels of inert or recyclable waste and non-inert or organic waste. Both hese forms of waste pose challenges to the maintenance of our landfill programme, and need to be managed carefully. Under the polluter-pays principle, the Environmental Protection Department operates the Construction Waste Disposal Charging Scheme, whereby construction waste producers pay appropriate charges for the disposal of their waste. The Government is also encouraging the industry to sort and recycle waste as far as possible, and to plan and build more efficiently to minimise waste. Mo re on construction wastehttp://www. gov. hk/en/residents/environment/constructionwaste. htm Waste Reduction and Recycling You can participate in a number of waste reduction programmes. The Wastewi$e Label under the Hong Kong Awards for Environmental Excellence, for example, helps Hong Kong businesses and organisations in adopting measures to reduce the amount of waste generated within their establishments or through the products and services they provide. It provides members with free advice on waste management techniques and rewards their efforts through public recognition. You can also help the recycling of domestic waste by participating in the Programme on Source Separation of Domestic Waste and separating waste using the waste separation bins on housing estates and deposit rechargeable batteries in designated collection boxes. †¢ More on waste reduction and recyclinghttp://www. gov. hk/en/residents/environment/wasteredrecyc. htm

Questions On E Procurement Adoption - 1648 Words

This report covers e-procurement adoption in a way that IS (information system) may help organization to gain its competitive advantage. This report is structured as follows. First, it starts with the definition of e-procurement as an IS related to latest solution available in the market. Section two illustrates how e-procurement system supports business processes in organization. Next two sections, benefits of e-procurement and potential problems that may arise during implementation are outlined. And lastly, several web resources are provided to give practical views of e-procurement system adoption. 1 System Description E-procurement can be defined as a set of components working together to capture/collect, process, store and distribute information to support organization decision making in order to acquire goods or services from an external source by using leverage of internet technology (Laudon and Laudon, 2012; Parazoglou, 2006; Angeles and Nath, 2007; Chaudhury and Kuilboer, 2002; Davila et al., 2003). First two IS layers in onion rings model can help understand e-procurement from technical perspective (Heeks, 2006). These two layers cover common data contents, information and IT infrastructures involved in e-procurement. 1.1 Data Content Data contents comprised in the processes of traditional procurement and e-procurement do not differ much. 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